LSU Burning Flag Protest

Milena Rhodes

Prof. Brown

English 306

May 6, 2016

English Final

            In the early morning of May 2, 2011, the LSU War Memorial was destroyed by an unidentifiable person. The damage included the burning and cutting of a stolen American flag along with other minor damages to the site. Specifically, the rope of the flag mast was destroyed, the Louisiana State University Flag was stolen, and the American flag was in flames. It is suspected that the burning occurred because of the death of Osama Bin Laden just a few hours before.The suspect, Isaac Eslava, was spotted near the crime scene but could not be detained by police due to lack of evidence. He later turned himself in and admitted his performance of the act.  (Friedman) He was later charged with one count of theft and resisting an officer and two counts of simple damage to property.

            After hearing the story of Eslava’s arrest, LSU grad student Benjamin Haas decided to protest against incident. Haas felt his arrest was unjust because of the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause.  The Fifth Amendment states that no one shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.”(US Const. amend IV) In Haas’ perspective, Louisiana State University police were violating this clause. He then created a Facebook announcement stating that he would be performing an act of burning the American flag on campus at the University parade grounds in the defense of Eslava. (Associated Press) This sparked controversy throughout the university and ultimately created a counter protest to the flag burning.

            Initially when Benjamin Haas arrived on the scene of what he thought would be a small protest, he saw more students than what he expected. According to The Daily Reveille, “ an estimated 1500 to 2500 students and community members” gathered for the protest. To Haas’ disappointment, he was unable to perform the act of the flag burning because he did obtain the proper burn permit. He decided to say a speech instead explaining the reason for his initial action and his speech. He started off his speech with, “ Funny Facebook said that there were only going to be 64 of you. I initially began this flag burning protest to define due process for students and suspected terrorist alike, to call on LSU and universities across the country to defend basic human rights and avoid putting students into the criminal justice system when it can be taken care of internally” (Benjamin Haas). His audience was not pleased with his appearance and his original plan of burning the flag, so his speech was barely heard. Chants like “U-S-A” and “go to hell hippie” drowned out the speech of Haas. A senior Communication studies major Sarah Kirksey stated, “We chased him out.. He didn’t burn the flag, so it was a success” (Sarah Kirksey). Not only was Haas not able to perform his speech, but he was also subjected to the throwing of water balloons from the angry crowd. He was then escorted by campus police away from the protest.

            The Louisiana State University burning of the flag protest failed in two ways. First, Benjamin Haas did not take the necessary precautions before conducting his protest. Without the burn permit, he was not able to burn the flag, which was his original plan. His purpose behind the flag burning was to show his rights as an American and as a person in general. Unfortunately for Haas, his true intentions could not be revealed due to the legalities of the matter. Secondly, the crowd was completely against Haas’ acts. Thousands of people chanted over him, forcing his voice to get lost in the crowd. LSU student body president at the time Cody Wells stated, “Haas did not have the right to burn the flag, but it was not an honorable thing for him to do and our student body and fellow Louisianans made that very clear today as they rallied on campus to show support for our community” (Cody Wells).Therefore, only few that were near him were able to hearing what he was saying. The fact that the crowd was angry, did not help the situation any more. As their chants got louder, the acts worsened causing the police to intervene. As a result, nothing was accomplished and Haas’ point was never made.

            In my opinion, this protest failed because of the lack of supporters behind Haas. He was protesting his issue against thousand of students.  One person simply cannot be heard over that many people. I feel like Haas should have rallied up people who had the same feelings towards the protest before carrying it out. This would have created a larger impact against the protestors. I also think that Haas’ intimidation had a lot to do with the failure as well. When protesting against that many people and in general, you have to have a strong mindset and the ability to stick to your passion that caused you to stand up for what you believe in. Also, I feel that the initial research was not properly carried. Benjamin Haas would have been able to conduct his initial plan of burning the American flag and probably would have created a larger impact and reaction for the protestors.

            If I was Benjamin Haas, I would have conducted the protest completely different. First, I personally would not have burned the American flag. I would have figured out a different way to get my point across. I would have made a campaign on social media to get the attention of mainly LSU students, but also people nationwide. After I promoted this issue and I saw reactions to it, I would have performed a speech in front of the student body just like Haas. My speech would include the Due Process Clause and the explanation of our rights as Americans. It would not be a violent or aggressive protest at all. Say I wanted to burn the American flag, I would have gotten the necessary burn permit to do so.

            The legal aspect of this protest played a major role in how it was carried out. The legalities put a damper on Haas’ initial plan because of absence of the permit. Also, the necessary police involvement played a part in the legal aspect as well. Without the police involving themselves, Haas would have most likely tried to finish his speech, but would have been interrupted by the violence of the crowd. The ethical aspect of the protest played a big part as well. The whole reason behind Haas’ action was because he did not feel the arrest of Eslava was not ethically right. On the other hand, protesters did not feel that the burning of the American flag was ethical as well. This was the cause of their chants and the throwing of the water balloons. Overall I do not believe Haas’ protest was effective. He did not succeed with his original plan and ended up having his protest cancelled by police. Benjamin Haas was not able to achieve his original goal of protesting the constitutional rights of Americans and the human rights for all.

            In conclusion, the Louisiana State University burning of the American flag protest was not successful. However, I believe that if the necessary precautions and research were done, this protest could have been successful. Although it was not carried out properly, that does make it less important than one that has been successful. The emotional aspect (pathos) was still present and caused a controversial reaction that brought national attention. Although it did not work out for Haas, the protesters fighting for patriotism ultimately met their goal.* 

Main characters- The main character of the protest is Benjamin Haas being as though he is the one who decided to protest the issue. His role in this protest is essential because of his initial idea to create the protest and his attempted actions towards it. The protesters also play a big part in the protest because without them there would be no rebuttal to Haas and the protest would have been carried out smoothly. I used mixed topic strings because I mainly focused on one character (Haas) but also mentioned the protesters frequently as well.

Conclusion explanation*-  The main focus of my conclusion was to reiterate that the protest was unsuccessful and could have been conducted differently. I also wanted to mention that even though it was not a successful protest, it is still important. Also, I wanted to mention that there was an emotional appeal.

           

           

                                                             

                                                   Works Cited

           

Press, Associated. “Lsu Protestors Stop Planned Flag Burning.” Nola Media Group, 12 May 2011

Cohn, Ari. “LSU Chancelor Speaks Out On Flag Burning Protest.” FIRE, 17 May 2011

Graham, Ben. “Flashback: Remember When LSU Students Overwhelmed An American Flag Protest?” MRCTV, 15 May 2015

Friedman, Maria. “LSU Student Decides Against Burning Flag As Thousands Stage Counter Demonstration.”  Fox News Network,11 May 2011

1. Is the identity of the protest's participants illustrated in this draft?
2. Are the sources used relevant and helpful for explaining and exploring the historical and rhetorical context of the specific protest?
4. Is the context explained to such a degree that a person with no prior knowledge on the subject could understand what this paper is discussing?
3. What suggestions for revisions would you make?

NATALIE: Is there a clear connection between the historical and political context of South Africa and the specific type of protest exhibited in the Purple Rain Protest?
SAM: Is there enough historical context given?
TIARA: Does the rhetorical and historical context given accurately connect to the idea of professional development vs. service-orientation in teaching?
MILENA: How do I tie in the identity of the human protesters with the identity of the whales they are protesting on behalf of?

1. Ayers, M. D. (2003). Comparing collective identity in online and offline feminist activists. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 145–164). Bristol: Taylor and Francis

*Peer reviewed, Historical Context 
* The source fits into this category because the author Emiliano uses this source to explain his own historical context behind digital social movement studies 

2.Tuckman, J. (2012, June 26). Mexican media scandal: Secretive Televisa unit promoted PRI candidate. The Guardian. 

*popular source (used as a primary)
* This source is part of the actual object of the protest. Emilio cites it when he talks about what the network was doing 

3.García, R. G., & Treré, E. (2014). The #YoSoy132 movement and the struggle for media democratization in Mexico.

*peer reviewed scholarly on the specific protest
*this source was directly talking about what the yo soy movement was 

4. della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006 [1999]). Social movements: An introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

*theoretical peer-reviewed scholarly 
* He gives the three mechanisms, which elaborates on the ways in which actions create identity 

Place, Space and Geography in Social Movements and Multivalent Meanings and the Scope of Conflict

1. Place, Space and Geography in Social Movements

• increased recognition of the importance of space in a social movements because:

• to get people to join the movement--if surroundings don't support

• locations can be symbolic--ex. March on Washington to the Lincoln Memorial became representative of having voice heard, Lincoln a symbol of freedom

2. Multivalent Meanings and the Scope of Conflict

• symbolism affects progress of movement 

• "The outcome of any conflict is determined by the extent to which the audience becomes involved in it" (p. 246) -- where the protest is happening and how much space they claim will determine how many people will be involved.

Framing can happen outside of location--however, location and place can make or break a movement. Ideas have different meanings in different places, particularly in regard to morals and values. Place greatly affects the perception of framing. Movement leaders can use a place to frame an argument.

Key terms:
1. Multivalent: having many different interpretations, meanings, or values

• scale: national, regional, and local level of engagement

2. Credence: belief in or acceptance of something as true

Research Topic

Milena Rhodes
Dr. Brown
English 306
9 March 2016

Who: The LGBT community, it’s supporters, and those who were present.

What: The Stonewall Riot is considered “ a catalyst for the LGBT movement for civil rights in the United States.” This riot was originally a raid of a popular gay bar.

When: The Stonewall Riots took place on June 28, 1969.

Where: The riot was held in New York City, specifically Greenwich Village.

Why: New York City police raided the popular gay bar called the Stonewall Inn. The people who attended the bar felt they were being harassed because of their sexual orientation. Upset by their prejudice actions, the LGBT community formed a riot and fought back against police.

Identity: I feel that there is proof of identity in this protest because a group of people are fighting for their rights. They are fighting for the right to openly be with whomever they choose. The LGBT community fought against those who did not believe in their civil rights.

Stewart Historical vs Rhetorical Context

Historical Context:
1. An important church within the Civil Rights Movement was bombed only weeks after the large March on Washington, causing a premature end to the successful feeling the march left in the protestors.
"Three weeks after the march, racists bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, a center of movement activity, during Sunday services and killed four young girls" (490).

2. Meredith was leading a Mississippi tour to promote voting amongst the African American population. After only two days, he was injured and so the tour was taken up by Martin Luther King Jr and other important black leader.
"On the second day of his march, Meredith was shot from ambush by a white racist" (491).

3. At a turning point in the movement in 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. called off a march to avoid loss of innocent life which heightened bad feelings between the participants.
"Disillusionment with movement leaders and their white liberal allies escalated in March 1965 when participants in the Selma to Montgomery march were beaten and Martin Luther King Jr. turned the march around a few days later rather than risk bloodshed from heavily armed police waiting for the marchers" (490).

4. Protesters were forbidden from staying overnight legally by illegal force on the part of state police. Stokely Carmichael resisted this action by the police. As a result, he was arrested.
"That moment arrived on June 17 in Greenwood, Mississippi--the heart of SNCC country--when state troopers decided that marchers could not put up their sleeping tents on the grounds of a black high school, even though they have permission to do so, and arrested Stokely Carmichael when he ignored their order "(491).

5. In 1964, there was massive bloodshed for the sake of the movement. It included fatal and wounding casualties.
"Summer of 1964 there were six murders, thirty-five shootings, sixty-five bombings and burnings of homes, businesses, and churches, and at least eighty recorded beatings" (490).

Rhetorical Context:

1. Carmichael decides to use the term "Black Power" during a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement (491).

2. "Malcolm toured the country during the spring and summer of 1964 giving differing versions of the "Ballot or the Bullet" speech in which he addressed the growing frustrations of black Americans with the failure of government…" (490).

3. "Yes, had you marching back and forth between the feet of a dead man named Lincoln and another dead man named George Washington, singing "We shall overcome" (490).

Rhetorical Analysis Final draft

Milena Rhodes

Dr. Brown

English 306

7 March 2016

Rhetorical Analysis paper

                                                        The Purple Rain March

In the year of 1989, racial segregation in South Africa was an ongoing issue. South Africans who were not white were segregated politically, economically, socially, and legally. This system and laws of racial segregation are also known as the apartheid. Because of these laws, families were separated and forced to identify themselves separately from their children as either black or white. According to the authors of history.com,  a set of laws in favor of the white minority which granted eighty percent of South African land were also passed in support of the apartheid. Now that eighty percent of the country was owned by whites, non whites were forced to carry around paperwork allowing their presence in restricted areas.

Not only were they forced to have proof for their allowance in areas, most black South Africans were forced to sell their land for low value to the country and left in poverty. Along with the passing of that law, came with the establishment of separate public facilities for whites and blacks. These laws caused an uproar in the South African community which lead to many strikes, protests, and resistance to the government. The apartheid resulted in the iconic The Purple Rain March and its revival of the black South African identity and equality.

The Purple Rain Protest also known as the “The Purple March” was an anti apartheid protest for racial equality. Fed up wit the white supremacy in South Africa, those who were not in support of discrimination decided to march on South African parliament. This protest served as an act of civil disobedience towards the government in hope to gain social, political, economical, and legal rights for non whites. This protest took place four days before the elections of parliament in the year of 1989. Protesters chose to conduct the march before the elections to promote social change and their views before votes were submitted.

Although the Purple March has gone down in history as an act of civil disobedience, it did not start off that way. The Cape Town protest was initially conducted peacefully, but was unfortunately taken out of hand by South African police. “The plan backfired, however, when one protester hijacked the nozzle from a police officer and sprayed office buildings and the local headquarters of the ruling National Party” (Everett Rosenfield). This was done for easy identification of protestors so later they could be arrested. In anger, one protester caught a hold of the water cannon from an officer and backfired. This caused the crowd to uproar and follow in example. As a result monumental buildings were now covered in purple paint. Buildings like the Old Town House and the National party headquarters were covered in purple paint and anti apartheid slogans. The phrase “ The Purple Shall Govern” covered the walls of the building and later became the slogan for the anti apartheid activists.  “A day after the incident, all over the city in graffiti, were the words, “The Purple Shall Govern;” a play on the words of South Africa’s Freedom Charter, ‘The People Shall Govern.’”(Christina Gibbons.)  Although the protest turned violent, the outcome was much greater. Along with the help of the Purple Rain Protest and other acts of protest, the South African government officially ended the apartheid leaving the country with no laws of segregation.

The Purple Rain March is an act of protest both literally and symbolically. Being as though the people of South Africa who did not support the apartheid physically marched the streets of South Africa proves this is an act of protest. However, the march serves as a symbolic protest as well because of the purple dye projected on the walls of the city and the participants in the protest. The overturn of the police violence symbolizes the frustration and anger towards the apartheid laws . This act of civil disobedience displayed how fed up the non whites were with the segregation and discrimination. The non whites of South Africa yearned for the social identity of racial equality. They strived for the same rights as the whites of South Africa, but because of the apartheid laws their racial identity prevented them from doing so. The social identity of racial equality is very important in this protest because it is the whole reason behind the march. Their lack of this identity caused them to feel left out of society and not as important all based off of their skin color.

The identity of racial equality also brought an emotional appeal to the South African people. The rhetorical strategy of pathos correlated very well with this protest and the people behind it. Without the emotion of the protestors, the impact of the march would not have been as great. I feel that the disapproval of the laws of the government drove the people of South Africa to stand up for their rights. Although it is not portrayed as pathos, the protesters’ reactions to the spraying of purple paint appeals to emotion.The protesters who did react to the police violence did so in order to retaliate based off of their personal beliefs. Their feelings towards the apartheid caused the to take a stand against  the racially segregated government. Those who protested in a more peaceful way, also appealed to the strategy of pathos. Their actions of sitting on the ground while police are ordering them to move and spraying the paint shows their dedication for their beliefs as well.

Although pathos was the most reoccurring strategy, the ethos was present in the protest as well. The ethical component of the march displayed the ability of the protestors to overturn the government and their racist beliefs. Their persistence and actions from the march  showed the government how serious the issue was and that a change needed to be made. This ethical appeal also proved credibility in the protest. If the government did not feel the protest was initiated from a reasonable cause, a change in the law would not have occurred.  Without the emotional drive from the South African people , ethos could not be possible. This appeal to emotion and ethics resulted in the persuasion of the government and an official end to segregation in South Africa.

These strategies helped initiate one of the most important protests of equality in history. Without them, the Purple Rain protest would not have made history like it did. The actions of protestors and police caused a worldwide controversy. Without the Purple March, a decision from South African government might not have been made and considered during elections.  Not only did The Purple Rain March help end the social injustices of South Africa, but it brought about social change and revived the identity of those who were not of white descent.

                                                          Works Cited

Rosenfeld, Everett. "Top 10 Most Influential Protests." Time. Time Inc., 28 June 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

Gibbons, Christina. "The Purple Rain Protest." N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2015.

Leibenluft, Jacob. "Why Would the Police Spray Protesters with Purple Water?" N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

"Police Action Painting | Greg.org: The Making Of, by Greg Allen." Police Action Painting | Greg.org: The Making Of, by Greg Allen. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

rhetorical analysis rough draft

Milena Rhodes

Dr. Brown

English 306

February 23, 2016

Rhetorical Analysis paper

In the year of 1989, racial segregation was very much prevalent in South Africa. South Africans who were not white were segregated politically, economically, socially, and legally. This system and laws of racial segregation are also known as the apartheid. Because of these laws, families were now separated and forced to identify themselves separately from their children as either black or white. A set of laws in favor of the white minority which granted eighty percent of South African land were also passed in support of the apartheid. Now that eighty percent of the country was owned by whites, non whites were forced to carry around paperwork allowing their presence in restricted areas.

Not only were they forced to have proof for their allowance in areas, most black South Africans were forced to sell their land for low value to the country and left in poverty. Along with the passing of that law, came with the establishment of separate public facilities for whites and blacks. These laws caused an uproar in the South African community which lead to many strikes, protests, and resistance to the government. The apartheid resulted in the iconic The Purple Rain March and its revival of the black South African identity and equality.

The Purple Rain Protest also known as the “The Purple March” was an anti apartheid protest for racial equality. Fed up wit the white supremacy in South Africa, those who were not in support of discrimination decided to march on South African parliament. This protest served as an act of civil disobedience towards the government in hope to gain social, political, economical, and legal rights for non whites. This protest took place four days before the elections of parliament in the year of 1989. Protesters chose to conduct the march before the elections to promote social change and their views before votes were submitted.

Although the Purple March has gone down in history as an act of civil disobedience, it did not start off that way. The Cape Town protest was initially conducted peacefully, but was unfortunately taken out of hand by South African police. Protesters and non supporters were sprayed with water cannons filled with purple dye by police. This was done for easy identification of protestors so later they could be arrested. In anger, one protester caught a hold of the water cannon from an officer and backfired. This caused the crowd to uproar and follow in example. As a result monumental buildings were now covered in purple paint. Buildings like the Old Town House and the National party headquarters were covered in purple paint and anti apartheid slogans. The phrase “ The Purple Shall Govern” covered the walls of the building and later became the slogan for the anti apartheid activists. Although the protest turned violent, the outcome was much greater. Along with the help of the Purple Rain Protest and other acts of protest, the South African government officially ended the apartheid leaving the country with no laws of segregation.

The Purple Rain March is an act of protest both literally and symbolically. Being as though the people of South Africa who did not support the apartheid physically marched the streets of South Africa proves this is an act of protest. However, the march serves as a symbolic protest as well because of the purple dye projected on the walls of the city and the participants in the protest. The overturn of the police violence symbolizes the frustration and anger towards the apartheid laws . This act of civil disobedience displayed how fed up the non whites were with the segregation and discrimination. The non whites of South Africa yearned for the social identity of racial equality. They strived for the same rights as the whites of South Africa, but because of the apartheid laws their racial identity prevented them from doing so. The social identity of racial equality is very important in this protest because it is the whole reason behind the march. Their lack of this identity caused them to feel left out of society and not as important all based off of their skin color.

The identity of racial equality also brought an emotional appeal to the South African people. The rhetorical strategy of pathos correlated very well with this protest and the people behind it. Without the emotion of the protestors, the impact of the march would not have been as great. I feel that the disapproval of the laws of the government drove the people of South Africa to stand up for their rights. Although pathos was the most reoccurring strategy, the ethos was present in the protest. The ethical component of the march displayed the ability of the protestors to overturn the government and their racist beliefs. Without the emotional drive from the non whites, ethos could not be possible. This appeal to emotion resulted in the persuasion of the government. These strategies helped initiate one of the most important protests of equality in history. Npt only did The Purple Rain March help end the social injustices of South Africa, but it brought about social change and revived the identity of those who were not of white descent.

                                                          Works Cited

Rosenfeld, Everett. "Top 10 Most Influential Protests." Time. Time Inc., 28 June 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

Gibbons, Christina. "The Purple Rain Protest." N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2015.

Leibenluft, Jacob. "Why Would the Police Spray Protesters with Purple Water?" N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

"Police Action Painting | Greg.org: The Making Of, by Greg Allen." Police Action Painting | Greg.org: The Making Of, by Greg Allen. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

Whose responding to who...

Dylan- Brenda, Milena, Saphire
Brenda- Saphire, Dylan, Henry
Milena- Dylan, Henry, Brenda
Henry- Dylan, Milena, Saphire
Saphire- Henry, Brenda, Dylan

Sample Paper #2 Feedback

Comments:

-Organization: ideas need to be organized, "a forest of ideas."

-Finding an object to anchor ideas (too general)

-Adding more resources for reliability

Citizen Post 2

After taking a second a second look at Citizen in class, I began to look at the book differently. I realized that certain poems and pictures did not mean what I thought they meant. As I mentioned in my first post, some poems left me a little confused. I also could not put together what the author was portraying in some of the photos she published. Luckily, my classmates cleared up my confusion. For example, the picture on page 91 did not make any sense when I first saw it. In the story next to it, it mentions someone hanging. This confused me because I did not see anyone there until my classmates told me they were left out of the picture. I feel that they author did this to show the true emotions and reactions of the people attending the gathering. After piecing all of this together, a sicking disturbed feeling came over me. I just could understand how something like this could occur and the people watching could react the way they did. I believe that Rankine's  goal was to bring a feeling of uncomfort and disturbance to her readers especially in this picture. After analyzing more stories in the novel, I came to realize that even though most of her stories may not seem as severe as others, they still have the same level of racism and are just as important.

Purple Rain Protest

who/ what- The Purple Rain protest was a march against the apartheid in South Africa. Supporters of the Mass Democratic movement participated in the protest. The protest took place on September 2, 1989.

where/when- This protest took place four days before the elections of South African Parliament held their elections. The streets of South Africa were filled with activists against Parliament and their racially segregated views.

why- Protestors participated in the rally to cause attention to the issue of the apartheid and pressure it’s supporters. Unfortunately, the protest ended in violence with police intervention. The march is called “The Purple Rain March” because the police used water cannons filled with purple dye to identify protesters.

March On Washington

who/what- More than 200,000 Americans came to the March on Washington to promote racial equality. The leader of the march was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He performed the “I Have A Dream Speech” for the first time.

where/when-  The march took place in Washington DC. On August 28, 1963 thousands of people gathered together to rally for equal rights.

why-  Annually, civil rights activists came together to plan the March on Washington. They planned theses arches to promote social, political, racial, and economical equality. Major activists such as the NAACP and the SCLC also attended and participated in the famous protest.

Salt/ Satyagraha March

who/what- In the mid 1930s, the Salt March took place in India. At the time Mohandas Ghandi chose to lead the peaceful protest being that he served as a religious and civil figure. The protesters marched to the sea to collect salt from the water.

where- The people of India chose to make the journey of 240 miles.The first protest was from the city Dandi to Sabarmati. The second march was in Deharshana that unfortunately ended in violence.

when-  These protests started on the date March 12, 130. They ended in the middle of April of that same year.

why- These protests were a result of Brittain’s Salt Act. The Indian people were forbidden to sell or produce salt and forced to buy the heavily taxed British salt.  A British monopoly was also added. Those who mainly were affected were the poor but most people in India needed salt.

"The Battle in Seattle" analysis

1. Deluca and Peeples certainly emphasize the appearance of the people protesting. Seattle contains huge corporations who were all involved in one way or another. WTO and other corporations provided corporate sponsorship for the supposedly peaceful protests. Because of the presence of such important world leaders, the protesters knew the world would be watching.

2. Corporations invested over $250,000 to gain "access to heads of state, ministers, and delegates" (193). Additionally, the WTO meetings received 10:40 and 13:10 minutes of airtime (195). Again on 197, Deluca and Peeples emphasize how much media perpetuated and changed the public's view of the protests as they "provoke in an instant the shock of the familiar made strange." In terms of the actual effect of the exposure, they use a quote from the trade commissioner: "What's happening outside is having an effect on the negotiations" (197).

3. Yes -- the coverage of the news helped the protesters, and Deluca and Peeples have plenty of evidence to support that. They use a combination of numbers, quotes, and other evidences to get across the same point.

4. In addition to the main points from #1, the publicly perceived elements of Seattle as a "progressive haven" were drastically changed by the protests that took place there (197). Full quote: "Finally the symbolic violence and uncivil disobedience of protesters exposed the violence of the state and transnational capital as the allegedly progressive haven of Seattle cracked down with a show of force worthy of 1960s Birmingham or Los Angeles" (197-198)

5. None of us knew anything about this situation before reading this article, so it was especially persuasive for us. Although Deluca and Peeples use a bit of hyperbole, it's done obviously enough that this article was quite effective. Our feelings are summed up in the quote from the end, "You stare at a television and you see logos and you're in a daze and these symbols pop up everywhere in your life. When that is shattered, it breaks a spell and we're trying to get people to wake up before it's too late" (198).

Pathos

Definition: A rhetorical appeal to emotion.

Example: Sarah McLachlan's ASPCA commercial, which shows dying and sad dogs in an attempt to persuade it's audience through emotion.

From the Text: In Dr. Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have Been To The Moutaintop" speech, he employs pathos when he talks about seeing the promise land. This is to inspire audience to keep them motivated and give them hope for the future and what is to come.