·      Innocent Bystander Theory

Definition: A set of limitations oppressed onto protesters so that the protest may be permissible only so long as it is confined so as to affect the legitimate targets of the protest but not an inconvenience to others.

Example: When people were protesting for equality and the end to police brutality during a Black Lives Matters protest, some windows of stores near the street people were protesting got broken, even though the store owners had done nothing.

Evidence: Haiman believed “there is no such thing as an innocent bystander, every citizen who supports the status quo, either actively or by passive acquiescence, is a legitimate target for the communications of the dissenter” (Haiman, Page 17).