·      Spectacle

Definition: Social retaliation among people, meditated by images. Spectacle continuously places something “new” before spectator’s eyes. In doing so it works to close off memory while undermining any political praxis aimed at generating alternatives to neo-liberal hegemony. Spectacles and image events are used reciprocally by established actors and their contentious opponents to shape public views and to demonstrate accountability.

Example: The use of spectacle is for government and social control, and with the new development of multimedia and information technologies, techno spectacles have been shaping our world. One example would be how ISIS uses the media to gain attention for their extremist group and also how they kidnap journalists and others and kill them on film so that they can exert their government control to the rest of the globe. They use the media for their own political agenda and to instill fear.

Evidence: “On today’s public screen corporations and states stage spectacles, certifying their status by the people/public and activists participate through the performance of image events, employing the consequent publicity as a social medium for forming public opinion and holding corporations and states accountable (DeLuca and Peeples, Chapter 3 Page 190).